Methodology

From source to claim

New data products identify the publishing organisation, direct source URL, period, exact country set, unit, retrieval date, and transformation. Estimates and provisional values must be visibly labelled.

We do not use Europe as a statistical shortcut. Figures are labelled EU-27, euro area, European NATO members, or another exact set according to the source's real coverage.

Strength of evidence

We grade an indicator by whether the public evidence is fit for the displayed claim, not simply by the prestige of the institution publishing it.

• A: directly measured and reproducible public value
• B: useful indicator with a material coverage or comparability limitation
• C: modelled or contested estimate, kept separate from direct administrative facts

Use of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence helps find material, extract data, propose drafts, translate, and format. It is not itself a factual source. Public claims must lead to a real source, and a human approves every release.

We do not automatically publish generated content or automate personal outreach under a human identity.

Reviewed and legacy content

A reviewed artifact has passed the current methodology and displays its last review date. A legacy article remains available from an earlier publishing phase but has not yet been reassessed under the current standard. A page's presence on the site is not by itself a claim that it remains current.

Licensing and reproducibility

We publish definitions, transformations, and correction history to the extent required to reproduce a conclusion. Original prose, graphics, and code are made open where possible. Third-party data remains subject to the original source's terms.